IPC e-Learning – Quiz – Victorian Infection Prevention Services

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What is an Infection?
Standard precautions
Staff Health

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What is an Infection?

1. Health care-associated infections are:

A predictable consequence of health care.

An adverse event that causes unnecessary pain and suffering.

Only relate to patients in hospitals

All of the above

2. Microbes are:

Are essential to our environmental ecology and live on and in humans.

Can be Infective agents that cause infections.

To cause infection a microbe must enter a host, overcome its defences, survive and then multiply.

Can be normal flora

All of the above

3. Chain of infection requires certain events to occur to be successful.

A portal of exit

Microbes

Antimicrobials

Susceptible host

4. Exogenous source of infective organisms is.

Patients own flora.

Portal of exit

Transmission precautions

A contaminated surface.

5. Horizontal transmission of infection means transmission from person to person?

True

False

6. For an infection to occur there are several predictors that need to be present.

Immune history.

Undergoing surgery

Virulent dose.

Old or very young.

7. A patient colonized with infection is:

A virulent dose.

Vertical infection

Temporary or chronic infection for which the patient is usually asymptomatic.

Acute infection.

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Standard precautions

8. Standard precautions are routine practices, and processes designed to prevent the transmission of infective agents and are implemented:

Instead of transmission based precautions.

Only with permission from your patient.

Clinical staff being competent with aseptic technique.

Only when patients are colonised with a multiresistant organism.

9. Hand hygiene is the single most effective measure to prevent the transmission of infection from person to person, person to the environment. The correct moments for patient care are:

Moment 1, 4 and 5 are performed before patient contact.

Moment 5 must be performed after touching the patient.

Moments 2 and 3 are related to before and after procedures on a patient.

Moment 1 is after touching a patients surrounds.

10. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a variety of barriers worn to protect staff from contact with blood and body fluids, secretions and secretions and patients from infective agents transmitted by healthcare workers.

PPE can be worn to limit your hand hygiene moments.

You can wash your gloves when they become contaminated to save changing.

PPE can be worn outside the patients room to retrieve consumables for a procedure.

Masks or face shields should only be removed after performing hand hygiene.

11. Transmission Based Precautions are extra practices implemented when standard precautions alone may not be sufficient to prevent highly infectious microbes.

Transmission based precautions are always implemented as well as standard precautions.

Contact precautions are for infections caused by blood borne viruses.

Droplet precautions implemented for airborne infections.

Gastroenteritis is an infectious disease requiring standard precautions alone.

12. Processing reusable medical devices (RMDs) is an important standard precaution. Processing RMDs entails:

Performed to the level of the Spalding Classification.

The most important step in the processing of contaminated RMDs is sterilization.

Its ok to get anyone to process RMDs as skills and knowledge is not important.

The environment for processing RMDs is not a pre-requisite to proper processing.

13. Waste in a healthcare facility requires knowing what constitutes clinical waste, the appropriate handling and disposal of clinical waste.

Clinical waste goes to landfill

Clinical waste is any dressing packaging.

Waste from patients known or suspected to have an infectious disease.

Clinical waste is disposed of into a black bag or bin.

14. Contaminated sharps can be a risk of transmitting blood borne viruses and other infective agents.

Sharps should be disposed of into the sharps containers as soon as possible after use.

Sharps should be handed person to person with care.

Recapping needles poses a risk of injury

Sharp containers can be stored on benches for ease of use.

15. Appropriate handling, disposal and storage of linen is a component of standard precautions that requires healthcare workers to be responsible in the manner they handle, transport and dispose of dirty linen; and how they store clean linen:

Clean linen is not stored in the pan room but can be stored in the passage uncovered.

Dirty linen should be carried straight to the pan room and disposed of immediately.

When making the bed it’s a good idea to shake the sheets to freshen them up.

Linen skips should be taken to the patient room so that dirty linen can be disposed of at point of use.

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Staff Health

16. Staff health programs ensures the health service organisation provides a safe working environment for its staff. An integral component of a staff health program is evidence of the immune status for vaccine preventable diseases of all staff. This data should include:

Hepatitis B, MMR (if non-immune), Pertussis (dTpa), Varicella (if non-immune) serology.

Dental Caries.

BMI

Last influenza shot.

17. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluid for healthcare workers can result in the transmission of blood borne viruses, Hepatitis B. Hepatitis C or Human Immunodeficiency virus. The adequate management of an exposure injury requires:

The use of engineered safety devices.

Testing all recipients when intact skin is not breached

Following the Occupational Exposure protocol for injuries from old contaminated sharps.

Taking blood from a patient without permission.

18. Respiratory etiquette is a standard precaution that prevents the transmission of infective agents spread via coughing, sneezing and nose blowing. Important steps in preventing transmission of respiratory microbes:

Cough into the crook of your elbow or a tissue.

Discard used tissues immediately.

Use tissues to contain respiratory secretions

All of the above

19. A clean environment is a standard precaution that is important in limiting infection transmission. To achieve a clean environment the following is important:

Use external contractors.

Using any cleaning chemicals provided, in any dilution.

Frequent, effective cleaning of high touch areas

Economical use of cleaning cloths.

20. Clinical healthcare workers should be familiar with the principals of the framework, and be competent in the practices, that is referred to as aseptic technique. The following form part of the framework principals and practices.

A key part is the patients immediate surroundings.

Key site is the wound or IV insertion site.

General aseptic field can be managed with non-touch technique so does not usually need sterile gloves.

Micro critical aseptic field refers to small surgical wound.

Critical aseptic field is a large area that is easily managed with unsterile gloves.

21. With the emergence of drug resistant organisms there is emphasis on reducing the inappropriate use of antimicrobials, seen as vitally important in stemming the impending threat to human health . There are a few practices which can help to assist this:

The prescribing of antibiotics for coughs and colds.

Developing an organisation wide antimicrobial stewardship program

Communicate pathology results immediately to the medical practitioner, particularly antimicrobial sensitivities.

Nurses Badgering the Doctor to give antibiotics because the patient is confused.

Using someone else's antibiotic to treat your infection.

22. Understanding antimicrobial resistance and how it can be contained is important for Nurses to assist safeguarding the effectiveness of antimicrobials.

Timeliness of administration and Safe administration of antimicrobials.

Preventing the transmission of infection wit good infection prevention strategies.

Communicating pathology results to prescribers along with antibiotic sensitivities promptly.

Understanding what constitutes an allergy.

All of the above